Maslama al-Majriti, Al-Majriti (Arabic ) (b. Madrid - d. 1008 or 1007 CE), was an Muslim astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist and Scholar in Islamic Spain. He took part in the translation of Ptolemy's Planispherium, improved existing translations of the Almagest, introduced and improved the astronomical tables of al-Khwarizmi, aided historians by working out tables to convert Persian dates to Hijri years, and introduced the techniques of surveying and triangulation. He was among the most brilliant of Spanish Muslims during the reign of Al-Hakam II according to Said Al-Andalusi was the best mathematician and astronomer of his time. He also introduced new surveying methods by working closely with his colleague Ibn al-Saffar. He also wrote an important book on taxation and the economy of Al-Andalus. Al-Majriti is greatly reputed for his influential chemical writing. Two chemical writings, the "Sage's Step" (Rutbat al-hakim) and the "Aim of the Wise" (Ghayat al-hakim), are ascribed to him. Both of his works on Chemistry were translated into Latin in 1252 and named Picatrix; the original Arabic text dates probably from the middle of the eleventh century. The Book The Sage's Step, was also written by Al-Majriti, in 1047-50. Rutbat Al-Hakim (The Rank of the Wise), which amongst other things gives formulae and instructions for purification of precious metals. It was collected and put together in the year 1009, two years after his death. In this work, Al-Majriti was also the first to prove the principle of conservation of mass. Al-Majriti was also the first the experiment on mercuric oxide: I took natural quivering mercury, free from impurity, and placed it in a glass vessel shaped like an egg. This I put inside another vessel like a cooking pot, and set the whole apparatus over an extremely gentle fire. The outer pot was then in such a degree of heat that I could bear my hand upon it. I heated the apparatus day and night for forty day, after which I opened it. I found that the mercury (the original weight of which was a quarter of a pound) had been completely converted into red powder, soft to touch, the weight remaining as it was originally. He edited and made changes to the parts of the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Sincerity when it the encyclopedia arrived in Al-Andalus Al-Majriti also predicted a futuristic process of scientific interchange and the advent of networks for scientific communication. He built a school of Astronomy and Mathematics and marked the beginning of organized scientific research in Al-Andalus. Among his students were Ibn al-Saffar, Abu al-Salt and Al-Tartushi.
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