List Of Chemical Antidotes

Universal Antidote:

Universal Antidote is a mixture that contains activated charcoal, magnesium oxide, and tannic acid. All three components neutralize the actions of many poisons. It is prepared by mixing "of two parts activated charcoal, one part tannic acid, and one part magnesium oxide intended to be administered to patients who consumed poison. The mixture is ineffective and no longer used; activated charcoal is useful."

Amyl Nitrite:

Amyl nitrite is the chemical compound with the formula C5H11ONO. A variety of isomers are known, but they all feature an amyl group attached to the nitrito functional group. The alkyl group is unreactive and the chemical and biological properties are mainly due to the nitrite group. Like other alkyl nitrites, amyl nitrite is bioactive in mammals, being a vasodilator, which is the basis of its use as a prescription medicine.

Flumazenil:

Flumazenil (also known as flumazepil, code name Ro 15-1788, trade names Anexate, Lanexat, Mazicon, Romazicon) is a benzodiazepine antagonist. It was introduced in 1987 by Hoffmann-La Roche under the trade name Anexate.

Silibinin:

Silibinin, also known as silybin, is the major active constituent of silymarin, the mixture of flavonolignans extracted from blessed milk thistle (Silybum marianum) consisting of silibinin A and B, isosibilinin A and B, silicristin, silidianin. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that silibinin has hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic) properties that protect liver cells against toxins.

Ethyl Nitrite:

ethyl nitrite is an alkyl nitrite. It may be prepared from ethanol.

Fomepizole:

Fomepizole or 4-methylpyrazole is indicated for use as an antidote in confirmed or suspected methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning. It may be used alone or in combination with hemodialysis. Apart from medical uses, the role of 4-methylpyrazole in coordination chemistry has been studied.

Anticurare:

Anticurare refers to the ability of drugs to reverse the muscle paralysis produced by curare. Examples of drugs with anticurare properties include neostigmine, pyridostigmine and edrophonium.

Bromhexine:

Bromhexine is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. In addition, bromhexine has antioxidant properties.

Bemegride:

Bemegride (also known as Megimide) is a central Nervous System stimulant and antidote for barbiturate poisoning.

Sch 50911:

SCH-50911 is a selective GABAB antagonist developed by Schering-Plough Corporation. Its main applications are in pharmacology research, but it has been found to quickly and effectively reverse the symptoms of GHB overdose in mice. In one experiment, mice were given a lethal dose of GHB (7000mg/kg) followed by varying doses of SCH-50911. At the two higher doses of the antagonist (150mg/kg and 300mg/kg), only 2 out of 20 of the mice died (10%), compared to 100% lethality in the control group.

Dimercaprol:

Dimercaprol or British anti-Lewisite (abbreviated BAL), is a compound developed by British biochemists at Oxford University during World War II. It was developed secretly as an antidote for Lewisite, the now-obsolete arsenic-based chemical warfare agent. Today, it is used medically in treatment of arsenic, mercury, gold and lead, and other toxic metal poisoning.

Aurea Alexandrina:

Aurea Alexandrina, in pharmacy, was a kind of opiate or antidote, in great fame among ancient writers. It is called Aurea from the gold which enters its composition, and Alexandrina as having been first invented by a physician named Alexander. It was reputed a good preservative against the colic and apoplexy.

4 Dimethylaminophenol:

4-Dimethylaminophenol (abbreviated in medical practice as DMAP) is an aromatic compound containing both phenol and amine functional groups. It has the molecular formula C8H11NO.

Bimu8:

BIMU-8 is a drug which acts as a 5-HT4 receptor selective agonist. BIMU-8 was one of the first compounds of this class. The main action of BIMU-8 is to increase the rate of respiration by activating an area of the brain stem known as the pre-Botzinger complex.

Deferasirox:

Deferasirox (marketed as Exjade) is a rationally-designed oral iron chelator. Its main use is to reduce chronic iron overload in patients who are receiving long-term blood transfusions for conditions such as beta-thalassemia and other chronic anemias. It is the first oral medication approved in the USA for this purpose. It was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2005.

Deferiprone:

Deferiprone (tradenames include Ferriprox) is an oral drug that chelates iron and is used to treat thalassaemia major. It is currently licensed for use in Europe and Asia, but not in Canada and the United States.

Poppers:

Poppers is a slang term for various alkyl nitrites inhaled for recreational purposes, particularly amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, isopropyl nitrite and isobutyl nitrite. Amyl nitrite is used medically as an antidote to cyanide poisoning, but the term "poppers" refers specifically to recreational use. Amyl nitrite and several other alkyl nitrites, which are present in products such as air freshener and video head cleaner, are often inhaled with the goal of enhancing sexual pleasure.

Mark I Naak:

The Mark I NAAK, or MARK I Kit, is United States military nomenclature for the "Nerve Agent Antidote Kit". It is a dual-chamber autoinjector: Two anti-nerve agent drugs - atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride - each in injectable form, constitute the kit. The kits are only effective against the nerve agents Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD) and VX. Typically, U.S.

Butyl Nitrite:

Butyl nitrite is an alkyl nitrite made from n-butanol. Butyl nitrite is used recreationally as poppers.

Methyl Nitrite:

, methyl nitrite is the simplest alkyl nitrite.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, widely abbreviated as EDTA (for other names, see Table) is a polyamino carboxylic acid and a colourless, water-soluble solid. Its conjugate base is named ethylenediaminetetraacetate. It is widely used to dissolve scale. Its usefulness arises because of its role as a hexadentate ("six-toothed") ligand and chelating agent, i.e. its ability to "sequester" metal ions such as Ca and Fe.

Sodium Nitrite:

Sodium nitrite, with chemical formula NaNO2, is used as a color fixative and preservative in meats and fish. When pure, it is a white to slight yellowish crystalline powder. It is very soluble in water and is hygroscopic. It is also slowly oxidized by oxygen in the air to sodium nitrate, NaNO3. The compound is a strong oxidizing agent.

Deferoxamine:

Deferoxamine (also known as desferrioxamine B, desferoxamine B, DFO-B, DFOA, DFB or desferal) is a bacterial siderophore produced by the actinobacter Streptomyces pilosus. It has medical applications as a chelating agent used to remove excess iron from the body. The mesylate salt of DFO-B is commercially available.

Isopropyl Nitrite:

isopropyl nitrite (or propyl nitrite) is an alkyl nitrite made from isopropanol

Cyclohexyl Nitrite:

The chemical compound cyclohexyl nitrite is an alkyl nitrite made from cyclohexanol. It acts as an antianginal.

Protamine Sulfate:

Protamine sulfate is a drug that reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin by binding to it. Protamine was originally isolated from the sperm of sharks and other species of fish but is now produced primarily through recombinant biotechnology. It is a highly cationic peptide. It binds to heparin to form a stable ion pair which does not have anticoagulant activity; on its own, protamine has a weak anticoagulant effect.

Snake Stones:

Snake-stones also known as the viper's stone, black stone, the black stone, der schwarze Stein, la pierre noire, and la piedrita negra or serpent-stone are animal bones, which are widely used and promoted as a treatment for snake bite in Africa, South America and Asia. No scientific study is known which shows this remedy to be effective.

Oxilorphan:

Oxilorphan is an opioid antagonist from the morphinan family of drugs. Oxilorphan is a non-selective opioid which is a antagonist but a partial agonist. It has similar effects to naloxone, and around the same potency as an antagonist. Oxilorphan has some weak partial agonist effects and can produce hallucinogenic effects at high doses, suggesting some kappa opioid agonist action. It was trialled for the treatment of opiate addiction, but was not developed commercially.

Ro15 4513:

Ro15-4513 is a weak partial inverse agonist of the benzodiazepine class of drugs, developed by Hoffmann-La Roche in 1984, and is structurally related to the benzodiazepine antidote flumazenil.

Nantenine:

Nantenine is an alkaloid found in the plant Nandina domestica as well as some Corydalis species. It is an antagonist at both the 1 adrenergic receptor and the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, and blocks both the behavioural and physiological effects of MDMA in animals. File:FlattenedRoundPills. jpg This pharmacology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v o d o e

Amiphenazole:

Amiphenazole (Daptazile) is a respiratory stimulant traditionally used as an antidote for barbiturate or opiate overdose, usually in combination with bemegride, as well as poisoning from other sedative drugs and treatment of respiratory failure from other causes. It was considered particularly useful as it could counteract the sedation and respiratory depression produced by morphine but with less effect on analgesia.

Atipamezole:

Atipamezole (brand name Antisedan, Pfizer) is a synthetic alpha2-adrenergic antagonist, indicated for the reversal of the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs. It has also been researched in humans as a potential anti-Parkinsonian drug.

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